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Encapsulation Data Hiding

April 5, 2026

Encapsulation

Bundling data with methods, controlling access via modifiers.

Encapsulated Class

public class BankAccount {
    private double balance; // Data hiding
    
    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }
    
    public void deposit(double amount) {
        if (amount > 0) {
            balance += amount;
        }
    }
}

Key Points

  • private: class only, protected: package+subclasses.
  • Getters/setters provide controlled access.
  • Prevents invalid data, improves maintainability.
  • Access order: public > protected > default > private.
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